Showing 1–16 of 65 results
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Adolescents Sexual Activities and Pornography
Adolescents Sexual Activities and Pornography
Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between pornography and adolescents sexual activities. Adolescents due to lack of emotional quotient are usually predisposed to varieties of sexual disorder by watching pornography. This has health related implications for them, their parents and the society, hence the need for scientific enquiry targeted at its control.
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Alleviating Violence, Traumatic Experience And Illicit Drugs Use Using Psychotherapeutic Model: A Case Study Of Youth In Awka Urban
Alleviating Violence, Traumatic Experience And Illicit Drugs Use Using Psychotherapeutic Model: A Case Study Of Youth In Awka Urban
Abstract
The study examined alleviating violence, traumatic experience and illicit drugs use using psychotherapeutic model: a case study of youth in Awka urban. A total number of two hundred and forty-one (241) youth in Awka urban; served as participant for the study. The study utilized non-probability (convenient sampling technique). Their age ranged from 18-32 years and their mean age was 23.20 with standard deviation of 4.07. Substance Craving Scale developed by Mazza (2004), Dating Violence Questionnaire-Reverse (DVQ-R) by Rodríguez-Franco et al., (2010) and Impact of Event Scale by Horowitz, Wilner and Ilvarez (1979) were employed for data generation. The study adopted correlational design and Pearson Product Moment Correction Coefficient as appropriate statistics for analyses of the data. Two hypotheses were tested. Thus, hypothesis one which states that violence will significantly correlate with illicit drug among youth in Awka Urban were partly accepted, because sexual and physical violence correlate with illicit drugs, while detachment, humiliation and coercion violence did not correlate with illicit drugs. Hypothesis two which states that trauma will significantly correlate with illicit drug among youth in Awka Urban was accepted. Based on the findings, study concludes by detailing recommendations and psychotherapeutic intervention model for the study.
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Assertiveness Training: Academic Performance And Self Esteem Among College Students In Selected Rural Areas
Assertiveness Training: Academic Performance And Self Esteem Among College Students In Selected Rural Areas
Abstract
Unassertiveness is a mal-adaptive behaviour which is usually seen in people with low selfesteem.
It affects the ability of individuals to express their opinions, interests and needs
openly, directly and honestly in matters that concern them, including standing up for their
rights without violating the rights of others. It may also affect academic performance. Based
on the above, this study examined assertiveness training and its effects on self-esteem and
academic performance among S.S.3 students in selected secondary schools in rural areas of
Anambra State. 108 student-participants comprising of 39 males and 69 females were
subjects for the study. The participants’ age ranged from 15 to 19 years with a mean age of
16.24 years and standard deviation of 1.10. Two hypotheses were formulated and data was
collected with the aid of 25-item self-esteem questionnaire by Hudson (1982) and test scores.
The participants were divided into two groups; the experimental group and the control
group. After statistical analysis of the data, findings revealed that assertiveness training
enhanced the self-esteem score of the experimental group whereas no significant changes
were observed in that of the control group. Also, there were significant changes in the
academic performance between the two groups. It is therefore recommended that government
should through the intervention of the education board enhance the current curriculum to
include practical assertiveness training among all the SS class students in order to improve
on their self-esteem which has a positive implication for improved academic performance.Etodike, C.E1; Ike, P.R.2 & Chukwura, E.N.3
1Department of Psychology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State
E-mail: nelsonetodike@gmail.com,,
2Department of Psychology, Federal University Ndufu-Alaike Ikwo, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State
E-mail: preciousike45@gmail.com, and
3 Department of Education Psychology, Nwafor Orizu College of Education, Nsugbe, Anambra State
E-mail: chukwura30@yahoo.com
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Challenges Facing Psychotherapists In Africa In The Hit Of The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) Global Pandemic
Challenges Facing Psychotherapists In Africa In The Hit Of The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) Global Pandemic
Abstract
To fully understand the challenges facing psychotherapists in Africa in the hit of the
Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic, the paper visited/reflected the
origin and transmission of the virus, the global epidemiology, and the resultant adoption
of international and national lockdown limiting heavily movements of people and goods
to prevent further spread of the virus. The lockdown, however, has seriously affected the
interpersonal relationships and freedom of gathering. It is also expected that it will have
adverse mental and psychological effects leading to behavioural, emotional, social/family
problems. Increased incidence of stress reactivity and anxiety, reality denial, depression,
isolation, loneliness and lack of social support, undesirable marital adjustment and
irritability, trauma, self-injurious behaviours like suicidal ideation and drug addiction,
unhealthy eating behaviours and resultant increase in weight, and Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder, increased neuropsychological symptoms, are some of the expected adverse
effects of the lockdown. The ability to adequately address all these anticipated problems
pose a big challenge to the few qualified psychotherapists in Africa. There are also very
few institutions for the training of psychotherapist in Africa south of Sahara. The speed
with which the virus is spreading also calls for short-term acquisition of hands-on
psychotherapeutic skills. African governments are therefore called upon to address the
above-mentioned shortage as a matter of urgency. The few psychotherapists available in
Africa are also called upon to look into the above psychologically unhealthy situation
from the point of view of crisis intervention.
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Challenges Of African Traditional Healing System: Implication For The Development Of Indigenous Psychotherapy
Challenges Of African Traditional Healing System: Implication For The Development Of Indigenous Psychotherapy
Abstract
Traditional medicine is the sum total of knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories,
beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures that are used to maintain health, as
well as to prevent, diagnose, improve or treat physical and mental illnesses. This paper
explores the challenges of African traditional healing system and the implications for the
development of indigenous psychotherapy. Previous studies show that about 80% of the
population in Asian, African and some developed countries depend on traditional medicine
for primary health care. Rate of acceptability, use, confidence in and efficacy of traditional
healing system is increasing in Nigeria. Some indigenous traditional healing methods include
herbalism, therapeutic dieting, and hydrotherapy and spirituality (divination). Notable
challenges include international diversity, national policy and regulation, perceived safety,
effectiveness and quality, knowledge and sustainability, patient safety and use. This study
recommends that more research be carried out on African traditional healing, that the
religious and metaphysical elements be separated from the physical matter, commitment of
more resources to test and promote the use of safe and efficacious traditional medicines,
practicing traditional healers should adhere to standardized norms and qualifications. There
is need for speedy passing of the traditional health practitioners’ bill. -
Charging/Billing In Psychotherapy In Nigeria
Charging/Billing In Psychotherapy In Nigeria
Abstract
Unlike medical, legal, building and other professionals where billing has over the years been
settled and practitioners and experts simply charge their clients based on laid down
traditions, billing or charging in Psychotherapy is still seemingly a controversial issue
among practicing clinical psychologists and psychotherapists in Nigeria. Presently billing is
influenced by the nature of clients’ presentations or psychopathology, its duration or
severity, the psychological tests to be involved, involvement of other health professional and
the literacy level of the clients. Other considerations include, the location of the
clinic/hospital, the nature of available facilities and equipment, experience, qualification and
popularity of the clinician or psychotherapist, and relationship between the clinician and
clients and mode of referrals. There ought to be a Nigerian acceptable uniform
billing/charge system among Nigerian Psychotherapists and clinical Psychologists.Author: Nkwam C. Uwaoma
Department of Psychology,
Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.
Email: nkwams@yahoo.com
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Comparison Between Cognitive Behaviour, Rational Emotive Behaviour And Meseron Therapies
Comparison Between Cognitive Behaviour, Rational Emotive Behaviour And Meseron Therapies
Abstract
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy [REBT], Cognitive Behaviour Therapy [CBT] and
Meseron Therapy are three uniquely and very effective cognitive therapies used in clinical
psychology practice. It is essential to clearly spell out the difference in the therapies as some
psychologists in the past have experienced difficulty differentiating them. Rational Emotive
Behaviour Therapy [REBT] was developed by Albert Ellis [1962] based on the rationale that
irrational thinking is the root cause of psychological disturbances. Cognitive behaviour
therapy [CBT] by Aaron Beck [1976], posits that how individuals view situations may result
in psychological disturbances while Meseron Therapy by Alfred Awaritefe [1995] postulates
that psychological disturbances arise as a result of faulty speaking as seen in the distortion of
our appraisal mechanism, acquiescing to negativity and incongruence of striving and goals.
This paper attempts to further explain each therapy in detail. -
Demographic Influence on the Perception of E-Psychotherapy among Clinical Psychologists in South-East Nigeria
Demographic Influence on the Perception of E-Psychotherapy among Clinical Psychologists in South-East Nigeria
Abstract
This study examined the influences of age, gender and years of experience on the perception
of e-psychotherapy among clinical psychologists within South Eastern Nigeria. 51 practicing
clinical psychologists (26 males and 25 females) within the age range of 28 to 56 years (M =
42.37, SD= 5.56) were used for the study. An e-psychotherapy scale was employed to elicit
data for the study. The survey research design, independent sample t-test and Analysis of
Variance were used for data collations and analysis. The findings revealed that South-East
clinical psychologists significantly have a positive perception of e-psychotherapy and gender
and years of practice have significant influence on e-Psychotherapy. However, age influence
on e-psychotherapy did not reach a statistical significance. It is, therefore, recommended
that clinical psychologists in Nigeria would perform more effectively using e-psychotherapy.Authors:
Nkwam C. Uwaoma
nkwams@yahoo.com
Lois Chioma Uhiara
uhokalois@yahoo.com
Richards E. Ebeh
richebeh@gmail.com
Department of Psychology, Imo State University, Owerri
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Diagnosis And Treatment Of Mental Illness By Vhavenda Traditional Healers In Vhembe District, South Africa
Diagnosis And Treatment Of Mental Illness By Vhavenda Traditional Healers In Vhembe District, South Africa
Abstract
In rural African communities, traditional healers hold an esteemed and powerful position
in the diagnosis and treatment of various illnesses. They assume a significant role in
addressing the mental health care needs of individuals by offering cultural appropriate
treatment and they are easily accessible. This was a qualitative study, and specifically,
the case study method was utilised. Ten traditional healers were chosen through
purposive and snowball sampling to participate in the study. Data was collected through
semi-structured interviews and analysed using the thematic analysis method. The findings
revealed that several procedures (like throwing of bones and direct observation of
patient’s behaviours) are used to diagnose mental illness. The findings also revealed that
mental illness can be treated through the use of traditional remedies and practices (like
rituals). From the findings of the study, it can be suggested that both traditional medical
interventions and some culturally relevant psychological procedures are used to treat
mental illness. Increased cooperation between western oriented psychotherapists and
African traditional healers is therefore highly recommended.
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Effect of Behaviour Intervention on Adolescents’ Sexual Risk-Behaviour in Anambra State, Nigeria
Effect of Behaviour Intervention on Adolescents’ Sexual Risk-Behaviour in Anambra State, Nigeria
Abstract
The study examined the effect of Behaviour Intervention on adolescents’ sexual risk-behaviour. 120 adolescents comprising ( males 56, mean age = 19 years ) and (females 64, mean age= 18.6 years) were selected purposely from a population of 1168 SS11 students in the eight public schools in Awka urban using a survey study . The participants that had high mean score of sexual risk – behaviour, in the survey study, from a sexual risk-behaviour test (males’ mean score =47, females’ mean score = 42) were selected for intervention training. The test has a validity of .94 and a reliability of .82. The subjects were randomly assigned into the three treatment groups, namely: Assertive group, self control group and control group, with 40 adolescents in each group. A random group design with three independent variables and a Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used for the study. The result of the data analysis showed that participants’ scores on the test for those that participated in intervention training in assertive and self-control groups differed significantly from those participants in the control group (P =.03).However, the Scheffe pair-wise comparison test indicates that those in assertive training group had greater change (P=.017).The study concludes that Behaviour Intervention (assertive training and self-control training) had significant effect on adolescents’ sexual behaviour .
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Effect Of Emotional Intelligence Training On Couples’ Attitude To Marital Stress
Effect Of Emotional Intelligence Training On Couples’ Attitude To Marital Stress
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Emotional Intelligence on the attitude of couples to marital stress. The general objective of the study is the presentation of Emotional Intelligence as a viable tool in tackling not only marital but all forms of stress. The study adopted an experimental design using purposive and random sampling methods. Pair of thirty (30) married couples totalling sixty (60) subjects participated in the study. The participants were placed into experimental and control groups. Gender and academic qualification were the independent variables of the study. The research instrument, a self-developed and validated Marital Stress Attitude Inventory (MSAI) was administered and couples’ scores determined their assigned group. It was administered on the experimental and control groups before and after the Emotional Intelligence Training. Six hypotheses were formulated and tested. The hypotheses were analysed using One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), and Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA). The post-test result of data revealed that there was a significant difference in the attitude of Couples in the Experimental group due to Emotional Intelligence Training, irrespective of gender and academic qualification, as against those of the control group who did not record any significant difference in their attitude to marital stress. The highest mean attitude score recorded by the group that was exposed to Emotional Intelligence Training implied that the attitude of Couples to marital stress can be changed with Emotional Intelligence Training.
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Effect Of Laughter On The Psychological Well-Being Of Hospitalized Patients
Effect Of Laughter On The Psychological Well-Being Of Hospitalized Patients
Abstract
The quality of life of hospitalized patients is usually affected by a lot of psychological experiences such as pain, distress, anxiety, and depression, which reduce their quality of life. Laughing therapy in the media has grown and many researchers have conducted a variety of studies on laughing. The main aim of this research is to know the effect of laughter on psychological well-being of hospitalized patients. The participants used for this research were hospitalized patients from both general and private hospital in Anambra State. 15 participants were sampled using convenient sampling method via personal permission. A 20-item modified version of the ryff (1972) psychological well-being scale with Cronbach alpha of .96 and content validity.77 and four 3-minute comedy skits were used. Within-group design was adopted for this research. It was observed that the treatment effect was not statistically significant, in other words, hospitalized patients did not improve significantly on their psychological well-being after watching the four 3-minutes comedy skits. Nevertheless we recommend that laughter therapy should be adopted as part of treatment given to hospitalized patients.
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Effect Of Logotherapy On Academic Stress Of Senior Secondary School Students
Effect Of Logotherapy On Academic Stress Of Senior Secondary School Students
Abstract
This study examined the effect of Logotherapy on the academic stress of Senior Secondary School students. An experimental design using purposive and random sampling methods were used to conduct the study. The sample population consists of one hundred and twenty (120) Senior Secondary School students of OCAC College, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. The research instrument; a self-developed and validated inventory (Academic Stress Inventory-ASI) was administered and students’ scores determined their assigned group before and after the therapy. The data for the study were analysed using t-test and one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result of the data analysis revealed that Logotherapy was effective in reducing the academic stress of Senior Secondary School students without the interference of gender, religion and course of study. Based on the findings, it is evident that psychotherapeutic services in Schools are beneficial.
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English Language Students And Their Coping Styles During Lockdown As A Result Of The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) Global Pandemic
English Language Students And Their Coping Styles During Lockdown As A Result Of The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) Global Pandemic
Abstract
The author examined the effective and ineffective coping mechanisms of English language undergraduate students during the total lockdown in Nigeria as a result of the Corona Virus (COVID-19) global pandemic. The participants in the study were twenty undergraduate students of English language in a state university. The students were interviewed on telephone on their coping styles during lockdown as a result of the
COVID-19 global pandemic. Their responses were recorded on the phone, transcribed, and thematically analysed using qualitative methods. Results show that they used such effective coping mechanisms as having a positive attitude towards the lockdown, and therefore used the opportunity for reading novels, writing poems, playing and dancing music at home, and painting/drawing. Other effective coping activities reported were: Having quiet moments for meditation and prayers, home physical exercises and aerobic, sleeping/resting, watching television and movies, gardening/farming, family bonding/reunion, and expected/desired pregnancy. Some of them also reported some ineffective ways of coping, such as denial of reality of COVID-19, feeling anxious, boredom/loneliness, weight gained, substance abuse/use, domestic violence, unwanted pregnancy, longing for intimate sexual partner, being angry with the governments
because of food-shortage/starvation, and obsessive-compulsive behaviour. The author concludes that the effective coping mechanisms would enhance their proficiency in English language, and should be encouraged; while the ineffective ways of coping would definitely be detrimental to their future professions and life in general, and should be discouraged. -
Fantasy Behavior Scale: The Psychometric Properties
Fantasy Behavior Scale: The Psychometric Properties
Abstract
The development of a 24-item self-report scale for measuring fantasy behavior in populations
is described, the concept was elucidated, theories and the previous studies that are
applicable to fantasy behavior were applied and reviewed. The study also established the
psychometric qualities and properties of the Fantasy Behavior Scale (FBS). Series of
analyses was used to reduce the item pool from an initial 30 items to 24 items. The result of
the factor loading for fantasy scale shows that the items loaded into seven (7) components,
but most of the items loaded highest on five (5) factors or components which were named as
follows: component one (fantasy behavior),loaded 17 items (8.56); component two (control
over fantasy behavior), loaded 3 items (2.134); component three (attitude towards fantasy
behavior), loaded 1 item (1.71); component four (loss of touch with reality), loaded 2 items
(1.48) and component five (defense mechanism), loaded 1 item (1.44). The resulting (FBS) is
a 24–item scale that showed high internal consistency (α = .910) and a subsequent
reliability of (α = .881). It also showed external validity of r = .766 (2-tailed) when
correlated with fantasy proneness scale.Author: Paschal Kandilichukwu Officha
School of Psychotherapy and Health Sciences, Okija Campus
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Gender Differences In Attitude To The Skin Disease Atopic Dermatitis Among Adolescents: The Role Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Gender Differences In Attitude To The Skin Disease Atopic Dermatitis Among Adolescents: The Role Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Abstract
This paper examines gender differences in attitude to the skin disease-atopic dermatitis among adolescents: The role of Cognitive- Behavioural Therapy. 83 adolescents aged between 13 and 15 and diagnosed with moderate (43) to grave (40) atopic dermatitis took part in the study. The groups were divided according to gender; group 1 was made up of 38 adolescent boys, and group 2 was made up of 45 adolescent girls. The control group included 80 adolescents (40 girls and 40 boys) matched for age. The psychodiagnostic complex used in the study were: Method for establishing the disease attitude type (DAT) and Male and Female Painting projective test. Data were analyzed using correlation and student’s t-test. The comparison of data yielded results that indicate gender-specific types of attitude to the disease among adolescents diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. A statistically significant difference between the groups was found in the anosognosic disease attitude type that is more typical of adolescent boys. This disease attitude type is characterized by active rejection of thoughts about the disease and its consequences which is explained by boy’s bravado, by their wish to demonstrate invulnerability and confidence, which is in effect an attempt to compensate for low self-appraisal.